WADA’s 2023 Prohibited List now in force

Agency calls on athletes, entourage and all stakeholders to note major modification concerning tramadol that is to take effect in 2024.

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) wishes to remind athletes and all other stakeholders that the 2023 List of Prohibited Substances and Methods (List) entered into force on 1 January. The 2023 List was approved by WADA’s Executive Committee (ExCo) during its meeting on 23 September 2022 and was first published on 29 September 2022.

 The List is one of the eight International Standards that are mandatory for all Signatories of the World Anti-Doping Code (Code). It designates what substances and methods are prohibited both in- and out-of-competition and which substances are banned in particular sports.

Major modifications for 2023

All Major Modifications for 2023 are outlined in the 2023 Summary of Major Modifications and Explanatory Notes.

Major modification concerning tramadol for 2024

It should be noted that, also on 23 September, the ExCo endorsed the recommendation by WADA’s List Expert Advisory Group to prohibit the narcotic tramadol in competition, effective 1 January 2024. 

The delay in implementation is to provide an additional year for broad communication and education of athletes, their entourage and medical personnel so that there is a better understanding of the practical implementation of tramadol prohibition in competition.

 It will also give time to the scientific community to adjust the exact procedural details so that fairness can be ensured for athletes. In addition, it gives sports authorities time to develop educational tools for athletes, and for medical and support personnel to address the safe use of tramadol for clinical purposes within anti-doping.

Tramadol has been on WADA’s Monitoring Program and data gathered through that program have indicated significant use in sports. Tramadol abuse, with its dose-dependent risks of physical dependence, opiate addiction and overdoses in the general population, is of concern and has led to it being a controlled drug in many countries. Research studies funded by WADA, as referenced in the Explanatory Note have also confirmed the potential for tramadol to enhance sports performance.

Annual List review process

WADA leads an annual revision process concerning the List, beginning with an initial meeting in January and concluding with the publication of the List by 1 October. This is an extensive consultation process that includes WADA’s List Expert Advisory Group gathering information including the latest scientific and medical research, trends, and intelligence gathered from law enforcement and pharmaceutical companies; circulating a draft List among stakeholders; and, taking their submissions into consideration to revise the draft, followed by review by the Agency’s Health, Medical and Research (HMR)Committee.

The HMR Committee then makes its recommendations to WADA’s ExCo, which approves the List during its September meeting.

 For a substance or method to be added to the List, it must be determined that it meets at least two of the following three criteria:

 1. It has the potential to enhance or enhances sport performance

2. It represents an actual or potential health risk to the athletes

3. It violates the spirit of sport

The List is released three months ahead of it taking effect so that athletes, their entourage and other stakeholders can acquaint themselves with any modifications.

Ultimately, athletes are responsible for prohibited substances found in their body and prohibited methods found to have been used. Athlete entourage are also liable for Anti-Doping Rule Violations if determined to be complicit. Consequently, if there is any doubt as to the status of a substance or method, it is important that they contact their respective Anti-Doping Organizations (International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organisation) for advice.

The Therapeutic Use Exemption Program

It should be noted that for athletes who have a legitimate medical reason for using a prohibited substance or method that is on the List, they can apply for a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) to determine whether they meet the criteria outlined in the International Standardfor Therapeutic Use Exemptions (ISTUE). The TUE Program is a rigorous and necessary part of elite sport which has overwhelming acceptance from athletes, physicians and anti-doping stakeholders.

Educational resources 

In addition to the documents linked above, WADA has provided, or will provide, a number of educational resources as part of its Code Implementation Support Program (CISP), which can be accessed on the Agency’s Anti-Doping Education and Learning Platform (ADEL). These resources include: 

•    A CISP Checklist – Implementing Revised List (available now)

•    Athlete and Athlete Support Personnel (ASP) Factsheet on tramadol (available now)

•    Medical Professionals Factsheet on tramadol (available now)

•    Athlete and ASP Guide to the 2023 List (to be available in January 2023)

WADA will look to develop additional educational activities, such as webinars, to support ADOs in their efforts to educate their target populations about the change regarding tramadol.

Languages and formats

The 2023 Prohibited List; the 2023 Summary of Modifications and Explanatory Notes; and the 2023 Monitoring Program are available for download on WADA’s website in English, French and Spanish. The List is also available in Catalan, Croatian, Danish, German and Greek.

Stakeholders wishing to translate the List into other languages are kindly asked to signal their interest to code@wada-ama.org. WADA will then provide the necessary files and, once the translation is finalized, will make the translated List available on the Agency’s website.

The List’s mobile-friendly digital edition can be accessed here.